These season specific species of a particular water body may help in determining the season of occurrence of crime.
A number of explanations exist for the occurrence of crime in NTE areas (for good overviews see Finney, 2004; Graham & Homel, 2008).
Research has shown that in addition to the actual occurrence of crime, the perceived fear of crime is also a significant element that affects the quality of life measurement of a region [24],[25].
Sherman (1995, p 36) defines crime hot spots as 'small places in which the occurrence of crime is so frequent that it is highly predictable, at least over a 1-year period and this paper examines hot spots over 12 36 months.
On the other hand, the occurrence of crime is based on the overlapping of the living space of criminals and victims (Felson and Cohen 1980); in many such situations, the victims may have no choice.
These parameters may include general census information and population statistics, labour market profile, crime statistics, traffic, energy and water quality statistics, etc. Occurrence of crime is a critical indicator of the quality of life in a neighbourhood and affects the socio-economic outlook of the region significantly.
(14 : p. 4) … enhancing social crime prevention activities to reduce the occurrence of crime.
(48: p. 27) A similar marginal focus was reflected in the White Paper on Safety and Security, which emphasized the following: … enhancing social crime prevention activities to reduce the occurrence of crime.
In this regard, clues can be found in studies suggesting that the occurrence of crime and incivilities is associated with the development of perceptions that one's neighbourhood is a 'bad place' [ 57, 58].
