Of note, although generally the occurrence of ectopic differentiation is considered a characteristic of the WT1-mutant subset of tumours, there are cases known which have mutations in CTNNB1 but not in WT1.
A low level of β-catenin also accounts for occurrence of premature differentiation of CPCs to cardiomyocytes within the PM.
AIS is a pathologic condition in humans defined by the eventual occurrence of female differentiation despite the male XY genome and results from germinal mutations in the human AR gene.
Genes associated with both TGF-β/BMP and Wnt pathway (Wnt receptors) were upregulated at day 7 [34,35] and day 14 [34] on SLA and SLActive surfaces, suggesting the occurrence of osteogenic differentiation at these time points.
Enhanced alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization assayed by von Kossa or alizarin red staining indicates the occurrence of osteogenic differentiation.
However, in vivo occurrence of cardiomyocytes differentiation is very rare and in vitro differentiation is found effective only from young cell sources [ 145, 146].
The MMR index does, in addition to factors evaluated as part of the routine diagnostic work-up (i.e. sex, age, tumor location and occurrence of mucinous differentiation) requires added evaluation only of growth pattern, dirty necrosis and TIL.
The occurrence of LOCKs is differentiation specific: there are more LOCKs in differentiated cells, and genes contained in the LOCKs tend to be repressed during differentiation.
Multivariate analyses revealed that WBC count before administration of anthracycline-based chemotherapy was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of differentiation syndrome (DS) (P = 0.006, OR = 1.022, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.006 1.038).
The lengths of the neurites at the 36 h time point were also similar between re-stimulated and continuously stimulated cells, and this similarity persisted for 8 days, suggesting the occurrence of the same differentiation process, at least for the observed period (see Figure S1A).
