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The psychological exposure variable Workload is a measurement of the overall psychological impact of perceived occupational load over the years of employment.
Optimal health enhancing training for the worker may depend on the occupational load - ranging from inactive or low to moderate and high mechanical and or metabolic loads- in combination with individual health and physiological capacity profiles.
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One reason that variation in occupational loads and postures has rarely been studied in quantitative terms is probably the paucity of standardized methods to measure "variation" [ 28, 29].
It is also plausible that heavy occupational loads applied to a hip joint with pre-existing subtle abnormalities in shape (for example femoroacetabular impingement) may cause accelerated structural damage.
Future longitudinal studies should ideally allow for examination of genetic factors, and should account for other covariates not considered in this study, including occupational loading, prior physical trauma, lumbosacral alignment, and facet joint orientation and tropism.
After adjustment for age, education and occupational physical load factors, current smoking was associated with unilateral shoulder pain in men but not in women (Table 2).
Among subjects with low back pain, the cumulative occupational lumbar load was not significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of medical consultation because of low back pain.
We therefore investigated the possible etiologic relevance of cumulative occupational lumbar load to lumbar disc diseases in a multi-center case-control study.
Smoking and physical exercise were not associated with chronic rotator cuff tendinitis after adjustment for age, education and occupational physical load factors (Table 3).
We found a positive dose-response relationship between cumulative occupational lumbar load and lumbar disc herniation as well as lumbar disc narrowing among men and women.
However, in the Danish study occupational physical load was significantly higher in the subgroup with Modic changes and disc degeneration in comparison with disc degeneration but without Modic changes, whereas our study subjects had non-physical jobs.
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