Small-scale multimethod studies of gender discrimination and inequality in the public and private health employment systems in Zambia and Uganda (unpublished observations) found a lack of policy responsiveness to life course events for workers with family responsibilities, as well as evidence of sexual harassment, gender bias, and occupational gender segregation.
Workplace violence--which includes physical assault, verbal abuse, sexual or racial harassment, bullying or mobbing--affects occupational health worldwide.
There has been little exploration of the impact of a negative psychosocial environment on the rate of injuries in construction, although a recent study of workers in a variety of industries found association between job threat, harassment, and pressure, and higher rate of occupational injuries [ 16].
By institutionalizing the thinking that women are incapable of combat service, the Armed Forces implicitly stated that women were inferior to men serving in the ranks, creating a culture in which rape and sexual harassment are somehow acceptable byproducts of service -- "occupational hazards," according to The Invisible War.
Sexual harassment, problems at work related to pregnancy and family responsibilities, and occupational segregation co-occurred with negative stereotypes about female health workers, such as an unwillingness to speak up, weakness, indecisiveness and incompetence.
We accordingly designed the United for Health study (Greater Boston Area, Massachusetts, 2003 2004) to investigate the joint distribution and health implications of workplace occupational hazards (dust, fumes, chemical, noise, ergonomic strain) and social hazards (racial discrimination, sexual harassment, workplace abuse).
Among comments recorded by female barristers were: "A male solicitor told me in exchange for favours he could give me work"; "I experienced extreme sexual harassment during pupillage from one of my pupil supervisors"; and "It was an occupational hazard that senior males might act inappropriately with young women at the bar".
We hypothesise that, over the course of the 24-month follow-up, the PEP will be associated with significant declines in NSI incidence, improved knowledge of HIV and related infections, uptake of occupational safety measures and decreases in behaviours that undermine HIV prevention (eg, syringe confiscation, police harassment of PWID at OST and SEPs).
Sexual harassment is bad.
