Exact(3)
Increasing lifetime occupational sitting time and decreasing occupational energy expenditure were significantly associated with breast cancer risk when adjusting for age only (Table 3).
12 The observed decline in occupational energy expenditure (∼100 kcal/day) over the past 50 years has been identified as a key contributor to the observed increase in mean body mass among US adults over the same time period.
Breast cancer risk was lower for women in the lowest quartile of average occupational sitting time and in the highest quartile of average occupational energy expenditure (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.81 and 0.73, respectively, P⩽0.05).
Similar(56)
While more than a third of study participants engaged in regular exercise, this form of activity contributed only about 10% to daily non-occupational energy expenditure.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, smoking characteristics, occupational exposures, and energy intake.
Subsequently, ORs were calculated comparing the odds for each category between cases and controls, with the low low category as the reference category and using logistic regression analysis to adjust for potential confounding by age, gender, smoking characteristics, occupational exposure, and energy intake.
The potential confounders considered were [ 3, 30, 31]: level of education, non-occupational physical activity, energy intake, coffee and tea consumption, intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, fat, red meat, meat products, and family history of head-neck cancer.
Of note is that regular participation in exercise/sports contributed only about 10% to the total non-occupational physical activity energy expenditure, while active transportation (especially walking) for daily activities and commuting and housework were the main contributors to total daily energy expenditure.
Alternatively, human health could be addressed by the concept of DALY (disability-adjusted life years), which calculates the life years lost due to work-related diseases and lethal and non-lethal occupational accidents in the energy sector.
Among high coffee and tea consumers (3 or more cups/day), high prevalence of female gender, young age, medium high educational and occupational level, high total energy intake, and smoking habit were found.
As a result, energy conservation, occupational therapy, evaluation, and work adaptation are important aspects of FM management [ 49, 50] and our survey suggests in particular that physicians in Latin America should be made aware and help keep patients in work.
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