Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(1)
Classical test theory (CTT) measures of reliability are usually not sufficiently suitable in such circumstances, because they only allow for accounting for one source of error at a time, i.e. either rater or case or occasion effects.
Similar(59)
Height-diameter curves differ for different plots and for different points of time, however, the measurement occasion effect was not included in the considered model.
The main limitation of this study is therefore, that we did not disentangle an occasion effect in addition to the rater and case effects examined.
Thus, an inter-rater reliability coefficient (ICC or kappa) which only accounts for a rater effect, or a coefficient alpha which only accounts for an item effect, or a test-retest reliability coefficient which only accounts for an occasion effect, are more often than not biased estimates of actual test situations in medical education [ 10].
One spiel begins: "Did you know the peroxide used to bleach your hair in a high-street salon is the same chemical that was used to propel early rockets?" On extremely rare occasions, effects can be fatal.
Nonetheless, in more recent years increasing emphasis has been placed on configural-type explanations of occasion setting effects, and there has been a corresponding tendency to neglect the possibility that hierarchical processes could explain performance on nonlinear tasks.
While the project had begun in secrecy, results of individual projects were trotted out on occasion for effect.
On many occasions the effects of globalization (intended and unintended, direct and indirect) have actually put them in harm's way.
On occasion, the effect estimates (RR or OR) were calculated from data provided in the source publication.
On occasion, no effect (i.e., no reduction in total or individual concentrations of amino acids in fetal plasma) has been reported (31, 34).
But some argue that this approach is overly complex and that it would be better to adapt existing associative principles to account for occasion-setting effects.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com