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An enhancement to the ACC concept is the co-operative ACC (CACC), where the OBU in a vehicle is using a communication medium to communicate with OBUs available in other vehicles or RSUs.
A VANET is unstable when a queue of any on board unit (OBU) in the network is saturated.
If the OBU is not associated with the RSU due to mobility, the proposed algorithm will discard all the packets related to the OBU in the RSU queues.
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The OBUs in the vehicles are SUs for the licensed spectrum when no PUs are accessing it.
Cognitive radio techniques can be used in the roadside units (RSUs) as well as the onboard units (OBUs) in a vehicle.
Wang et al. [26] proposed a model for the popular content distribution among onboard units (OBUs) in vehicular ad hoc networks by applying the coalitional graph game formalism.
The video packets with the same playback deadlines are grouped together to form GPs. Assume that the order of the OBUs in the service list is OBU 3, OBU 1, OBU 4, and OBU 2, which is decided by their scheduling weight factors (4).
To this purpose, roadside units (RSUs), located along the road or in points-of-interest, are needed to provide Internet access to on board units (OBUs) in vehicles.
Such studies are also important because of the fact that several standardization bodies and industrial/academic consortiums like C2C-CC [36] and ETSI [37] openly endorse the feasibility of incorporating multiple radio access technologies-enabled OBUs in the near future.
Inclusion criteria were age of ≥65 years at examination in 2011 or 2012, being a resident of Obu, participation in follow-up assessments, and no previous participation in other studies.
Inclusion criteria required that the participant was aged 65 years or older at examination in 2011 or 2012, lived in Obu, and had not participated in another study.
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