The effect of charges on returns is substantial: one French equity fund returned just 16% after charges over ten years, compared with a gain for the index it was tracking of 73%.One of the most revealing parts of the report is the struggle that the researchers had in obtaining the figures.
A major difficulty with both of the mathematical conceptions of probative value that we have just examined is that for most evidence, obtaining the figures necessary for computing the likelihood ratio is problematic (Allen 1991: 380).
David Oliver, a former government adviser on care for older people, obtained the figures under freedom of information laws.
The charity obtained the figures by trawling through data held by the independent Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Sipri) and the United Nations commodity trade statistics database.
When I obtained the figures from the company, however, I was surprised: they didn't seem outsize.
The Independent obtained the figures after sending Freedom of Information requests to all 45 UK police forces.
Sian Berry, the Green party member of the London assembly, who obtained the figures from the Met, said the use of spit hoods was a "drastic and dehumanising tactic" and called on the mayor, Sadiq Khan, to take action against them.
"Government can no longer turn a blind eye to the serious consequences of diesel emissions," said Leonie Cooper, Labour's London assembly environment spokesperson, who obtained the figures from the Department for Transport.
Although there is no definite link between welfare reforms and the reduction in free school meal claimants, Sadiq Khan, the prospective London mayoral candidate who obtained the figures, said government policies were creating an increasingly segregated city.
It's extremely disappointing that a growing number of CCGs aren't managing to comply with Nice guidelines," said Sarah Norcross, the co-chair of Fertility Fairness, which obtained the figures.
Chuka Umunna, Labour's shadow business secretary, who obtained the figures in a freedom of information request said: "David Cameron has serious questions to answer about why his government sold off Royal Mail on the cheap.
