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Indirect comparisons taking into account all available placebo-controlled studies are capable of obtaining an effect size and a confidence interval of the difference between two compounds.
Another reason could be that participation rates in such screening programmes are far from 100%, and obtaining an effect at the population level is difficult if the participation rate is low.
rTPJ coordinates were selected based on previous fMRI studies of the control of imitation (Brass et al. 2005, 2009; Spengler et al. 2009), to maximize the chance of obtaining an effect of rTMS on this task.
With the antagonist pretreatment, the combination's antinociceptive effect was also significantly reversed (p < 0.05), obtaining an effect of only 16.5 ± 5.2%, whereas the group that was given just the combination presented an effect of 80.7 ± 8.4%).
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This tool is helpful to explain a conflict, the change of a system, or merely the interactions that take place to obtain an effect.
It is important to note that the level of genistein needed in our study to obtain an effect (2.5 µM) is only 10 fold higher to the levels reported in human plasma (up to 300 nM) [67].
Sixteen studies enabled us to obtain an effect size for measures of knowledge in the posttest.
We obtained an effect size from the previous study and based on the agreement of experts [ 14].
To obtain an effect estimate in carriers with different numbers of haplotype copies, we performed regression analysis of urinary arsenic and telomere length, stratified by AS3MT haplotype.
A meta-analyses of bibliotherapy studies for depression, by Gregory et al. [ 7], obtained an effect size of 0.77 for these studies, which represents a moderate-to-large effect size.
The simulation-based power calculation displayed that with 12 data points in the pre-intervention period and 12 data points in the post-intervention period, there is more than 80% chance to obtain an effect size of 1.0 or more.
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