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Our results thus indicate that both dogs had obtained virus and mounted a humoral immune response in the absence of detectable viremia.
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The obtained viruses were compared for their stability in vitro and for the infectivity and immunogenicity after intranasal application in vivo in mice.
To prove the hypothesis we introduced a known stabilizing mutation 58K→I into HA2 subunit of the VN1203 H5N1 virus and compared the properties of the obtained viruses in vitro and in vivo.
Virus filtration membranes are used to obtain virus clearance during the purification of biopharmaceutical products.
This could be due to the need for few hCCR5 molecules to obtain virus entry.
Cells were then incubated with medium containing 1% heat-inactivated FBS for 5 days and harvested and sonicated to obtain virus stocks.
Not knowing the infection status of the swans during processing immediately after capture, two of the three influenza A virus infected swans were fitted with a GPS collar (the ones from which we were able to obtain virus isolates).
These calves were isolated in order to obtain virus negative controls.
However, it proved more difficult to obtain virus from this transfection supernatant for virus amplification (see next section).
A total of 328 field samples, including heparinized blood, organ (lung), and swab specimens, were cultured to obtain virus isolates.
Generally, it is hard to obtain virus sequences from subjects who ultimately cleared the infection, as the acute phase of the infection is typically asymptomatic.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com