For people with an ABI >1.3, indicating arterial calcification, we obtained toe-brachial indexes (9).
A Hokanson CE-4 strain gauge and photoplethysmograph was used to obtain toe pressure.
Finally, these outlet results are input as inlet values of the (m + 1 th segment, and the distributions of pressure and temperature in IT and annuli are obtained from toe point to heel point.
A positive response to the latter was defined as an increase in cardiac output of 15%, as calculated using velocity time integral obtained by TOE from the long-axis transgastric view.
For historical samples, DNA was obtained from toe pad tissue using Qiagen Micro kits (Qiagen, California, USA), which we processed according to manufacturer's instructions with the exception that 40 ng of Dithiothreitol (DTT) was added to the ATL lysis buffer.
Asterisks after taxon names indicate that sequences were obtained from toe-pads of old museum specimens.
Blood was obtained by toe-nail clips and collected into glass capillary tubes; two tubes with Na-heparin and one tube without additives per animal.
Great toe pressures were obtained with a toe cuff and photoplethysmography (Summit Doppler Vista AVS 2007) to detect the systolic pressure at which blood flow returned.
Her injury for 2012 was relatively minor: a non-displaced fracture of her toe, obtained when her horse hit the side of the starting gate at Saratoga.
Other approaches combine electrostatic adhesion and bioinspired adhesives to maintain a compressive preload on the adhesive structures or even use biological structures obtained from gecko toes for handling of small objects.
The main limitation of our study was that data on specific causes of LEA and on the level of amputation (above or below the knee, foot, or toes), obtained retrospectively from hospital records, were fragmentary and could not be used in the investigation.
