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The present study investigated the role of testosterone in counterfactual thinking: regret is an intense negative emotion that arises from comparison of an obtained outcome from a decision against a better, non-obtained (i.e. counterfactual) alternative.
It is estimated as the obtained outcome minus the cost from the spectrum resource allocation.
Finally, the obtained outcome is useful for FSO system design and BER performance analysis.
The U i is the payoff received by the player i. Traditionally, the payoff is determined as the obtained outcome minus the cost to obtain that outcome.
Firstly, the emotional component of post-outcome judgment was replaced by a "cold" appraisal of the obtained outcome.
In both cases deviations from expected utility are explained by the effect of the difference between the obtained outcome and the alternative possible outcome.
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In the final section, numerical simulations are introduced to support the obtained outcomes.
A first step in assessing the validity of the obtained outcomes is therefore whether different wavelength components give similar results.
The obtained outcomes have been compared with two own developed methods, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and particle swarm optimization with time varying acceleration coefficients (PSO-TVAC).
In this regard, previously obtained outcomes and conventional safety levels are used to evaluate reliability of presented conclusions.
Finally, the obtained outcomes conclude that the proposed DaIBA is a promising technique for addressing the designed problem.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com