Fisher [ 23] noted that university staffs are expected to teach, meet tutorial, laboratory or seminar commitments and at the same time carry out research, run experiments, obtain research funds, and write papers and books.
Data fabrication and falsification may appear also in documents submitted to funding agencies to obtain research grants in addition to papers in scientific journals or presented at public meeting or used as scientific evidence in patent application [ 8].
The chemical formulae of 16 anthocyanin derivatives were obtained from research papers published elsewhere.
Liu HL wrote and revised the manuscript and obtained research funding, Wang LP conceived the study, Yang DQ and Shi GX wrote the first draft of the paper.
KH obtained research funding.
MB obtained research funding.
KN & WVS conceptualised and designed the study, obtained research ethics approval, obtained consent from research participants, conducted the interviews and administered the measuring instruments, analysed and interpreted the data, and wrote the paper.
Perhaps his most notorious lawsuit was against the University of Virginia to obtain emails, draft research papers, handwritten notes and other documents related to the work of Michael Mann, lead author of the famous "hockey stick" study demonstrating the link between increased fossil fuel use and rising global temperatures.
For that purpose a systematic mapping study was applied to 107 research papers, obtained after a filtering process, that were published from 2000 until the end of 2013, and which listed the independent variables used in the effort estimation models.
The related work on nisin has been published in more than 30 research papers and obtained 5 authorized national invention patents.
Sixth, objective outcomes of career progression (such as publishing research papers or obtaining grants) were not included because of the time scale.
