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The new severe plastic deformation technique known as high-pressure tube twisting (HPTT) is a continuous process to obtain grain refinement in bulk metallic materials of tubular geometry.
The preservation of the solidification pathway via the β-phase, which is needed to obtain grain refinement, minimum segregation and an almost texture-free solidification microstructure, in combination with an enhanced content of C, requires a certain amount of β-stabilizing elements, e.g. Mo.
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We have obtained grain refinement in the nanoscale regime (~300 400 nm) by combining dynamic transformation, intragranular nucleation ferrite, and dynamic recrystallization.
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation where an enhancement in Charpy impact toughness and decrease in DBTT was obtained through grain refinement in 9Cr 1Mo steel.
An AlMg0.5Si0.4 alloy is subjected to two and eight passes of ECAP to obtain different degrees of grain refinement and fragmentation of the initially semi-coherent precipitates.
XRD result showed that the width of peaks had a broadened trend, indicating grain refinement was obtained in the rapid-quenched.
Severe plastic deformation of subsurface layers under friction is correlated with the nanocrystalline structure obtained by different methods of grain refinement.
The microhardness of the composite layers was higher than that of pure copper deposits obtained under the same conditions due to copper matrix grain refinement and increased with the increase of both current density and incorporated Nb particle volume fraction.
The σ phase is unintentionally obtained, but favorably shows a pronounced strengthening by its hardness and grain refinement effect due to grain-boundary pinning, which leads to high yield and tensile strengths of 0.76 GPa and 1.23 GPa, respectively, together with good ductility of 54%.
The microhardness of the composite layers was higher than that of pure copper deposits obtained under the same conditions due to dispersion-strengthening and copper matrix grain refinement and increased with the increase of incorporated particle volume fraction.
The applied strain leads to enormous grain refinement, resulting in ultra-fine-grained (UFG) or nanocrystalline (nc) materials.
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