Expenditure on prenatal care, institutional delivery and postnatal care was directly available in the data set and were summed to obtain expenditure on total maternal care.
The household monthly health care expenditures was divided by average household size of 6 members [ 20] to obtain expenditure per person and then multiplied by 12 to obtain the annual expenditure per person.
Survey staff obtain expenditure data by contacting the providers identified by respondents and requesting information on payments received for services/products provided to the respondent [ 20].
The costing branch at the hospital obtained expenditure data for actual and estimated direct and indirect costs from the various cost centres at the hospital.
We then subtracted capital depreciation and profit from gross expenditures to obtain operating expenditures for each system.
To obtain expected expenditures, we divide the sample into seven age groups, starting with age group 3 to 18 (age 3 is the age of the youngest T1D patient in the sample).
To obtain pension expenditure for the population (INSS), we multiply the number of pensions by the average pension for each cohort and by the coefficient (between 12 and 14) for adjusting the total amount of pensions at December (31{mathrm{st}}) to recognized expenditure in financial year 2010 on each type of pension, as shown in the fourth column (No. INSS adjusted payments) in Table 4.
Overall, these requirements may make it difficult or cost prohibitive to obtain DTCA expenditure data.
Fortunately, we did not have many cases of missing data; we employed linear interpolations in two cases only (one data point for the H&SF of Canadaa and the FRSQ,b respectively) to obtain missing expenditure estimates.
The MET values were multiplied by the number of hours reported for each type of activity to obtain energy expenditure as excess MET-hours, which include only additional activity above basal MET values.
In addition to the study of Shigetomi et al. (2014), which estimated consumption expenditures for six householder age groups, we also obtained household expenditures for each income quintile using the values from the JIOT (2005) and NSFIE (2004), as follows.
