Although the placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) has been widely accepted as palliation for distal malignant biliary obstruction, the risk factors for their early dysfunction remain unclear.
This study is the first prospective examination of airway obstruction and risk factors in HIV-infected persons during the HAART era.
Our study supports the role of co-morbidities and expands findings on smoking and the level of bronchus obstruction as risk factors of emergency care.
Recent studies showed nephrolithiasis and related obstruction as risk factors to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and CKD was twofold higher among individuals with history of kidney stones [ 6, 7].
Arguments favoring early tracheal intubation mainly revolved around expectations for better control of the airway, protection against upper airway obstruction, decreased risk for aspiration of gastric contents, and better control of carbon dioxide removal [ 25].
One participant in the intradermal vaccine group had a cardiac arrest that led to death on day 20 (this event was considered to be unrelated to the vaccine; this 82-year old male had a history of coronary insufficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary obstruction and several risk factors for myocardial infarction, including hypertension and past smoking).
Obstructive sleep apnea, a respiratory disorder caused by upper airway obstruction, increases the risk of complications after anesthesia.
Presence of a pulmonary outflow tract obstruction decreases the risk of pulmonary vascular disease by protecting the pulmonary capillary bed from excessive pressure [ 29].
Furthermore, in our clinical setting, we have been unable to find any subject presenting symptoms of COPD in the absence of airways obstruction (subjects who risk developing COPD).
A major predictor of readmission for an AECOPD is the severity of airway obstruction, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease [ 81, 84, 92, 93].
