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Source and obstacle effects are then studied separately.
The obstacle effects on pollutant plume dispersion are examined by analyzing the vertical standard deviation and average height of plume.
A preliminary experimental investigation is presented on square stiffened plates, and shows that source and obstacle effects of ribs can be important.
Methods used to parameterise obstacle effects in a MeM are summarised in this paper using results of the mesoscale model METRAS as examples.
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The strengthening mechanism of δ phase is confirmed as its obstacle effect to dislocation movement.
In the present paper the acoustic influence of ribs is divided into three physical effects : the "vibrating" effect, the "source" effect and the "obstacle" effect.
That the tropopause penetration process was closely related to pressure perturbation indicates that the "obstacle effect" proposed by Clark (1986) was responsible for the wave excitation.
The obstacle effect of distance is stronger when combined with lack of transport and poor roads, and its disincentive effect is less pronounced if women have serious complications or the reputation of the provider is good [ 7].
Moreover, an empirical one-slope path loss model, which considers three-dimensional obstacle shadowing effects, is proposed for simple yet precise coverage calculation.
This TPC model uses an empirical one-slope path loss model considering three-dimensional obstacle shadowing effects, to enable accurate yet simple coverage prediction.
"When would I have started on this enterprise?" Obama's acknowledgement of his limited remaining time in office as an obstacle to effecting permanent change in US gun laws was echoed in an op-ed published in the New York Times on Thursday evening.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com