In particular, the method assesses the probability of observing values of y greater than the observed ones when genotype and phenotype are independent random variables.
As a matter of fact, the probability of observing values larger than the limiting value increases with the number of observation years and the number of independent stations.
After specification of the error term, the probabilities of observing values of y given x can be computed.
In summary, for these data collected from a French surveillance system for hepatitis C infection, CC analysis is plausibly biased, as the data suggest dependence of the chance of observing values on the outcome, even given the covariates.
To take into account this source of randomness, the probability of observing values of y greater than the ones observed in the actual experimental conditions has to be assessed under the hypothesis that the m loci in the gene set have been chosen randomly from the full set of n SNPs.
