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For example, using a value of 10−10 cm2/s for Dnon-raft is sufficient for observing receptor partitioning phenomena in the oligomer regime with an order of magnitude smaller values of kdimer and kmono (<104 s−1) compared with the case of Dnon-raft = 10−9 comparecompare Figure 3D with Supplementary Figure S3).
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Hence, by using the cross linker we observed receptor dimerization, although the dimerization/activation process was not completed, as demonstrated by the lack of phosphorylation (Figure 4).
Consistent with the previously observed receptor specificity of Themis2 (Fig. 6a), TNF produced in response to PAM3 (TLR2) or poly I∶C (TLR3) was not significantly different in cells expressing wild type Themis2 or its mutants.
The model now reveals that these observed receptor expression patterns result directly from the reported regulatory interactions.
Furthermore, GPCR transmembrane helix displacements and rotations observed during receptor activation are also observed when comparing the inactive and active conformations of the GPHR TMDs.
In systems containing LiTf significant changes in properties are observed upon receptor addition.
By contrast, when HeLa cells were depleted of either Grk3 or Grk6 we observed CXCR4 receptor staying at or close to the plasma membrane.
Thus, conventional optical attempts to observe membrane receptor clustering and lipid reorganization have been hampered by experimental resolution limits.
FRET between Cy3- and Cy5-labelled receptors (30.3±1.2%) is only observed after receptor reconstitution into a lipid bilayer, but not when receptors remain solubilized in detergent.
The observed increased receptor phosphorylation that follows PDE4D deficiency promotes progressive desensitization and downregulation of this receptor, a hallmark in heart failure.
Significant differences were observed between receptor expression in the different regions of the IVD: expression was significantly greater in the NP and IAF compared with the OAF.
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