Exact(13)
To summarize, from equation (2), the probability of observing i in labour market state s is given by Pr U is * > U it * = Pr g y is − y it ψ i + X i ω st > ε it − ε is ∀ s ≠ t (3).
One of the simplest methods, known as Haldane's mapping function (Hartl and Jones 2009), is based on the assumption that recombination events are distributed randomly within a given region and, thus, the probability of observing i recombination events follows the Poisson distribution: f (i ) = e − m m i i !
Statistical tests for significance of chromosome segregation data were performed by calculating the probability of observing i exceptional offspring, assuming that the offspring form a Poisson distribution, p(i) = (e− m * m i)/ i!, where m = # expected; m was calculated assuming that the wild-type and mutant females being tested were from the same population (Komma et al., 1991).
If this were a foreign election I was observing, I have no doubt that my answer would be no.
"It's one thing to be observing — I love that, it's my primary role," said Troy Kilzer, the 44-year-old principal of Chester County High School.
And while playing the two reels simultaneously certainly brings home the difference between seeing and observing, I felt it added little else.
Similar(45)
"I'm observing it; I'm not railing against it.
In particular, agent i observes j, j observes k and k observes i.
As I observed him, I thought to myself, "What a waste.
I'm an observer and when I observe Al, I see the character in him.
"I observe, I study," she said.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com