Shown are the average (±standard error across 2 observers) frequencies of the three kinds of responses produced by the observer when asked to identify the target letter: the target, the flanker, or an absent letter (neither target nor flanker).
The observer frequency, νobs, was set to νpump + 61.6 MHz, coinciding with the low-field local maximum of the nitroxide spectrum.
At the end of each 5 min observation period, observers rated the frequency of conduct problems, activity level, on-task behaviour and follows rules/expectations of the classroom using seven-point rating scales (with behavioural descriptors on each point of the scale).
Whenever we apply disturbance observer, disturbance frequency should be known and constant.
For each graph, the observer counted frequency bands not adjacent to subband b whose peak attenuation was more than 1 dB, thus bands with the side effect according to Figure 9b.
Based on the state-space model of the flexible linkage mechanism equipped with piezoelectric materials, a robust observer-based frequency-shaping optimal feedback (OBFSOF) control methodology is presented for actively suppressing the elastodynamic responses of the high-speed flexible linkage mechanism with linear structured time-varying parameter perturbations.
Linguistically, the 1980s were dominated by increasingly elaborate punning on the wet-dry division in the Thatcher cabinet; in the 1990s, observers noted the frequency with which John Major's more hapless, embattled, beleagured or encircled ministers felt obliged to retreat into the bosom of their families.
In order to better capture double-sided billboards and multiple banners, posters, and flyers at the same advertising location, observers coded the frequency with which the ad appeared: Once, 2 4 times, 5 10 times, 11+ times.
This ensures fast convergence of the estimated states and at the same time, by controlling the fast-mode of the observer, the high frequency oscillations (i.e. the chattering phenomena) can be rejected by a simple low-pass filter.
We suggest that the identity of the model (mother), sex of observer (female) and frequency of exposure (to maternal foraging and/or channel habitat) are the primary influences on social transmission of sponging.
