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Although there was just one observer in this study, which may be considered as a potential limitation, there was a high degree of intra-observer agreement.
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Observers in this study (EL, LW, NA) had no previous experience with the software or analysis of MRA images.
All the observers in this study were trained in health data science, therefore they are familiar with the terms and concepts that appeared in the topics and the big data themes.
All observers in this study were BROMP-certified (Ocumpaugh et al. 2015), meaning that they had obtained an acceptable inter-rater reliability (Cohen's Kappa >0.6 on each coding scheme) with a previously certified BROMP coder during training sessions identical to the observations performed in all three studies.
The observers in this study included both authors and four individuals who were un-informed about the purposes of the study until after data collection.
Although the observers in this study did focus some of their attention on the abdomen and to a lesser extent the back, these areas were observed infrequently, for a very short time and after a long latency from the start of the observation period.
These ridges were in fact noted by none of the observers in this study.
We used two observers in this study with identical clinical experience and post-graduate training on myofascial trigger point therapy.
However, the sensitivity of the observers in this study in detecting impingement is notably lower than the findings of Iannotti et al. [ 9].
It can be assumed that observers in this study have used individual intensity thresholds for determining the start, end, or quality of an emotional episode.
The observers in this study documented frequent communication between physicians and nurses, but weak communication (infrequent) by other types of clinicians that interacted with the clinicians being observed [ 24].
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