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A numerical example is provided to show the performance of the proposed observer, compared with PO and PIO.
Motion towards the observer, compared with motion away, showed significant activations (P<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons), as assessed using statistical parametric mapping, in the lateral inferior occipital cortex bilaterally and in right lateral superior occipital cortex.
AIM: To evaluate the degree of variability between lesion measurements obtained by a single observer compared with multiple observers, and in selected cases evaluate which of the two measurements more accurately represented the lesion size.
In this model a particle moving close to the speed of light would, according to a distant observer, almost catch up with the photons it emits, so that the duration of time that elapses between an earlier emission event and a later one is systematically underestimated by the observer (compared with one moving with the beam).
In patients with a variety of thoracic and abdominal tumours, the results obtained by a single observer compared with multiple observers differed by more than 10% for 83% of lesions [ 21].
To clarify the accuracy issue, studies in which clinical-radiographic diagnoses made by each observer compared with an examination result or a gold-standard procedure (i.e. one with high sensitivity and specificity) would be needed in order to prove the proposed diagnosis.
Similar(54)
Numerical examples show that the design methods proposed produce more effective observers compared with linear observers.
The group of experienced readers consisted of two observers compared with the group of inexperience readers that consisted of six observers.
Overall 11/147 (7.5%) lesions were detected only on T1-weighted (mean of two observers) compared with 7/147 (4.7%) detected only on T2-weighted (all less than 1 cm).
These deviations from the guidelines resulted in a low level of agreement for both modalities and all observers compared with the treatment based on the multidisciplinary team evaluation.
Non-compressibility on US and a thickened appendix on CT were given a significantly higher weight by the observers compared with the actual weight.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com