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This paper presents a new nonlinear robust disturbance observer by using only the input output information for minimum phase dynamical systems with arbitrarily relative degrees.
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In order to remove any non-linearities due to the subjective experimental process and to facilitate comparison of the metrics in a common analysis space, we investigate the relationship between the metrics and observers by using non-linear regression [46].
The president also surprised observers by using his executive power more aggressively to insist that government contractors pay good wages and not violate workers' right to organize.
To this aim, we parametrically restricted the facial information available to the observers by using 'Spotlights' with Gaussian apertures dynamically centered on observers' fixations of 2° (foveal vision only), 5° and 8° (both expanding on extrafoveal vision).
The tapes were evaluated separately by two observers by using a previously described protocol [ 32].
Potentially, we can test the reliability attributes of these variables (e.g., consistency within and between observers) by using test-retest reliability and the related kappa statistic.
The relative intensity of the products of immunoreaction at the apical and basolateral membranes of the epithelial cells of the uterine sections were evaluated and graded blindly by three independent observers by using a light microscope (Olympus, Japan) at 100x magnification.
The severity of cartilage damage was graded by two independent observers through blinded observations, by using the Histologic/Histochemical Grading System of Mankin [ 18].
We attempted to minimize observer bias by using 2 COs for each patient observation.
The response screen remained until the observer responded by using the numbers 1-4 on a keyboard.
In all experiments, observers responded by using the mouse to click on-screen buttons, and received no feedback.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com