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The NO donor compound 14 exhibited enhanced inhibition of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction of isolated mesenteric arteries compared with that observed under control conditions.
This allows us to correct for the effects of non-random assignment and base our causal inference on the conditional mean independence assumption, which basically says that we can expect the units not exposed to treatment to react identically to those observed under treatment, and the units exposed to treatment not to differ in their control state from those observed under control.
As no examples of unequivocal LD fusion were observed under control conditions, we screened for reagents that may modulate LD fusion.
As shown in Fig. 5A, no transitions to any substate were observed under control conditions (absence of IpTxA and/or protamine).
Similarly to what was observed under control conditions (Figure 3D, left), caffeine puffs applied in the absence of bath Ca2+ (n = 6) induced an instantaneous rapid caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transient (Figure 3D, right) displaying an amplitude similar to that observed under control conditions.
As a consequence, the age-related impairment that is normally observed under control conditions at these delays following slice recovery was alleviated in the presence of the NMDA-R co-agonist (Figure 3C).
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The pattern of leaf economic responses to heat stress observed under controlled climate conditions are consistent with the micro23- and macro-morphological8,9 patterns of fossil Ginkgoales at the Triassic – Jurassic boundary, suggesting that heat stress may have potentially played a role in floral turnover recorded at the boundary71,76.
However, no signal depletion was observed under the control experimental condition that used purified BSA protein as the negative control (data not shown).
It may further be questionned whether elevated, but low levels of muscle activity in FM patients relative to healthy controls (HC), observed under strictly controlled laboratory conditions are replicated in situations close to normal living.
No specific staining was observed under these control conditions, thus confirming the specificity of the immunosignals.
It is still possible, despite the increase in nocturnal cough frequency and decrease in citric acid cough threshold observed under the controlled environmental conditions of Operation Everest III [ 8] that water loss from the respiratory tract plays a role in the aetiology of altitude-related cough.
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