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The observed runner hyphae are clearly distinguishable from other functionally specified hyphae, e.g. hyphae that form infection structures, aerial hyphae or reproductive hyphae (e.g. conidiophores and ascogenic hyphae).
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The formation of septa was not observed in runner hyphae but was noted in 32% of the fine branchings, with numbers of nuclei varying from 0 to 18.5 per 100 μm of hyphal length.
For example, in tests of fatigue in muscles at the knee and foot, racers in the Tor showed only half the decrease in strength observed in runners in the 166-km Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc, previously studied by the researchers.
Similarly, weight gain was observed in runners because of reductions in weekly exercise and was not reversed by resuming prior activity [6], showing that intake follows more an increase than a decrease in activity induced changes in daily energy expenditure.
Similar differences were observed for Ever-Runners versus Never-Runners.
Further, in a study of ultramarathon runners, longer telomeres were observed in the runners compared to sedentary age-matched individuals, with the difference approximately equal to 16 years of reduced biological age [ 65].
The absence of LEC1 and the presence of the closely related L1L in seed tissues have also been observed for scarlett runner bean [ 33].
No substantial hyponatremia was observed in our runners during the observation period, implying appropriate hydration.
It is a trend many scientists have observed by fitting runners attempting to lose weight with motion sensors or heart-rate monitors.
The Beijing Organizing Committe said that today's relay in the eastern province of Jianxi would be scaled back, with a one-minute moment of silence to be observed before the runners set off.
No significant change in loading rate was observed neither in runners who reduced their HS ratio during barefoot running nor in those who did not.
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