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No significant relationship was observed for education.
For women (figure 2) similar results were observed for education and occupational social class (figure 2A, B).
No significant differences in arsenic levels were observed for education level, annual family income, occupation, smoking, or alcohol consumption status (Table S2, Supporting Information).
Same phenomenon was also observed for education, with poorer education status of the participants associated with the higher odds of engaging in UAI.
A dose-response relation was observed for education and income, which provides compelling evidence for socio-economic inequality in depression [ 7].
The weaker associations observed for education and occupation may also be partly related to the fact that both are measured on the level of the individual, whereas family income and food security are family-level measures [ 44].
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Mean effects were observed for parental education, partner education and urbanization level.
For the prenatal factor analysis, the best fit was a single factor model that incorporated all of the SES variables (eigenvalue=1.82; Table 2); the highest factor loadings were observed for maternal education, social class, and paternal education.
Associations were not observed for sex, education, or smoking.
Similar patterns were observed for maternal education and household income.
Significantly reduced ColC risk was observed for higher education (OR = 0.64).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com