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Isolating the effects of CFS on earnings required that we develop a measure of educational attainment abstracted from the potential effects of fatigue on observed education.
In what follows, we focus exclusively on observed education when measuring mismatch, while realising that ability and experience can substitute for a lack of education.
In the presence of unobserved differences in ability, and of measurement error in observed education, standard estimates of the relationship between earnings and education fail to uncover causal effects.
The majority of the observed education associations, however, are inverse, and these are evident especially for smoking– related malignancies.
Predicted education was used as a covariate in place of observed education of our earnings and employment analyses.
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Last month, a group of education majors did go somewhere: their professor took them to observe education at work in the inner city of Tulsa, Okla.
Since we only observe education for about two thirds of our sample and to test the sensitivity of our matching procedure, we have also applied the same procedure without education and only using wages as a proxy for education.
We can't go back in time to observe education in our pre-agricultural ancestors, but we can make reasonable inferences about that process by examining it in those groups of people, in various isolated parts of the world, who managed to survive as hunter-gatherers into modern times.
Same phenomenon was also observed for education, with poorer education status of the participants associated with the higher odds of engaging in UAI.
Despite a higher proportion of individuals in the highest-risk quartile having left education at a younger age, no association was observed between education or employment status and change in modelled CVD risk.
Though the comparison is not direct, we observed less education on rounds than historical observations (Table 6).
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