This confirms that a majority of T3E are widely conserved in this species complex but also shows that the strain repertoires are also diversified, as observed in P. syringae[ 13] or Xanthomonas sp. [ 55].
No fixation of specific mutations has been observed, thus suggesting a diversifying selection mechanism, aimed to maintain high level of amino acid diversity at codon positions under host immune-response [51].
First, we assess the pattern of evolution asking if, as observed by Weyland (2002), skateboards diversified early followed later by a sorting out of less effective or popular designs a pattern widely recognized in paleobiology (e.g., Gould 1989) and archaeology (e.g., Prentiss and Chatters 2003).
The grazing, cultivation and contractual grazing management regime indicates that pastoralists are looking for possibilities to diversify income, as observed by Fratkin (2001).
Evidence for diversifying selection was observed in alternative regions of CD45 [ 18], whereas the reduced rate of synonymous substitutions in an alternative region of BRCA1 [ 19] was assigned to purifying selection due to exonic splicing enhancer sites [ 20].
We observed that Rdg2a was subjected to diversifying selection which is consistent with a model in which the R gene co-evolves with a pathogen effector(s) gene.
Recently, anthropogenic drivers and threats to diversity increased and further diversified in the Mediterranean, as observed elsewhere [285].
The second hypothesis is that following cluster assembly, these gene clusters diverged over time as ascomycetes diversified, creating the subclade relationships now observed (Fig. 6b).
