Sentence examples for observed costs from inspiring English sources

A computational formula for C was given by Kakwani et al. [27] as ( C=frac{2}{ Nmu}{displaystyle sum_{i=1}^N{y}_i{R}_i-1} ), where ( mu =frac{1}{N}{displaystyle sum_{i=1}^N{y}_i} ) is the mean of observed costs, N the sample size, y i observed costs, and R i the fractional rank defined according to Kakwani et al. as ( {R}_i=frac{i-1}{N}+frac{1}{2} ).

*In line with the text, observed costs and survival incorporate predicted values beyond the observed intermediate endpoints, they are labeled as 'observed' values because they reflect the effects of the observed intermediate endpoints.

A long-time insurance executive, her last corporate stint was a senior innovation partner with Mercer, Koo saw an opportunity to blend the rise in data into the insurance business, particularly in Asia where she observed costs skyrocketing.

Explanations of self-selection costs in terms of self-enhancing biases are not able to account for the fact that we observed costs in one trait evaluation but not the other.

Second, the prices that hospitals are paid for their activity are also based on average observed costs [ 43].

All randomised patients were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle, including observed costs and effects during the full 21 months follow-up irrespective of protocol breach.

We aimed to shift reimbursement from high- to low-cost patients by setting a tariff for group B that was slightly higher than the average observed cost.

To best of our knowledge this is the first evaluation of a telemedicine and case-management intervention for transplantation patients with focus on economic (budget) impact in the German healthcare system, observing costs in the first year after transplantation.

In addition, we are not able to observe costs among patients unable to afford the out-of-pocket share of hospitalization who chose not to present for needed care.

Although this corresponds with our TKR results, we did not observe cost savings after THR.

Progress of long-running jobs can be monitored by observing cost function values, and downloading intermediate result files.