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The main objective is to find the transformation which achieves the equalization of the CDF of the noise observed coefficient to the CDF of the clean coefficient.
The null hypothesis was that the observed coefficient was zero [76].
The lowest observed coefficient of determination (r2) between the first and the second scan in SUV measures of the vertebra and muscle tissue was r2 ≥0.74 (p<0.001).
Based on an analysis of the human antibody responses to a number of malaria antigens that had been previously tested in clinical trials, the observed coefficient of variation in the range of antibody concentrations was approximately 1.2 1.4.
In particular, the observed coefficient of variation reaches 1.4 at some time point, meaning that the standard deviation is higher than the mean.
If we assume a constant intervention effect over all pairs, the observed coefficient of variation for L donovani infection was 0.56.
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The effect of that would be lower observed coefficients between over-education at origin and over-education in Australia and greater observed coefficients between under-education at origin and in Australia compared to the ones that would be obtained in the absence of selection bias.
We observed coefficients of variation between 3.3 and 9.1%.
A common approach to evaluating robustness to omitted variable bias is to observe coefficient movements after inclusion of controls.
For the intrarater reliability a higher kappa coefficient was observed (κ coefficient 0.95, p < 0.001).
Notwithstanding the limited generalisation of the following observations, observed g-coefficient differences might partly be due to the percentage of variance accounted for by student performances.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com