The 2011 M9 Tohoku-oki earthquake, Japan, is one of the largest earthquakes ever observed, causing an abrupt change in regional seismicity and large-scale crustal deformation (e.g., Nishimura et al. 2011; Ishibe et al. 2011; Fig. 1).
When AtAVP1 is over-expressed in Arabidopsis, an increase in salinity tolerance has been observed caused by a better sequestration of Na+ in the vacuole (Gaxiola et al. 2001).
It is important to note that, were it not for the idea of necessary connection, we would have no reason to believe that a currently observed cause will produce an unseen effect in the future or that a currently observed effect was produced by an unseen cause in the past.
Low tumor oxygenation is a frequently observed cause of poor response to radiotherapy, for example, in head and neck or cervix cancer.
Mental health, and all the associated ailments, is far from a simple subject with easily observed causes and effects.
The simplest approach is to assume, first, that the n received retweets are either observed as a group with probability p or they are completely missed, and second, that each observed retweet causes a TRF event independently and with the same probability q.
The microstructural variations are observed to cause a redistribution of strain during tensile loading.
As a specific SUV39H1 inhibitor, chaetocin was observed to cause a 25-fold increase in latent HIV expression without significant toxicity or global T cell activation in Jurkat T cells57.
This protective effect stands in stark contrast to free EtNBS, which has been observed to cause a 70% drop in viability at a 5 µM concentration due solely to its dark toxicity.
The mutation is observed to cause a conformational conversion of the kinase's activation loop from DFG-out to DFG-in, thus activating the kinase.
