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An additional 36 flowers on nine plants in the same patch were observed as controls during the same period.
In two of the included studies [ 45, 46], the comparison group did not receive the placebo but the participants were simply observed as controls.
All the included studies were randomized controlled trials with comparison group receiving a placebo in all except in two studies in which participants of comparison group were simply observed as controls [ 45, 46].
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Growth advantages of RAC-fed pigs over controls were observed as early as 7 d on trial and persisted throughout the entire live phase of the experiment.
However, bending is often observed as the controlling factor in real structures and experimental studies.
As shown in Figure 4A, the similar growths of the strains bearing ptPfhuA1E, pbPfhuA1E and paPfhuA1E were observed as the control strain in medium with repressor.
We also collected all public online information in which clear trading traces were directly observed as a control for use in further analysis.
Despite the absence of caspase-8, on induction of apoptosis the same cleavage pattern was observed as in control cells containing caspase-8 (data not shown).
The introduction of a premature stop codon the mutation of enzyme sequences can cause enzymatic inactivation and the accumulation of precursor carotenoids, which is often observed as a control mechanism in some horticultural crops.
DNA methylation has been observed as a control mechanism for biotic stress response (Dowen et al. 2012) and ripening (Zhong et al. 2013), so we carried out a pilot experiment to observe any evidence of differential DNA methylation in five different orchards at harvest.
In AS patients, likewise, higher levels of this adipokine have been observed as compared to controls [ 46].
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