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For subjective and qualitative analysis of complexity of images, two measures have been observed: a background segmentation and people detection complexity.
Of note, we observed a background production of cytokines when the HIV-1 primed T cells were tested with unpulsed DCs and this is attributed to T cells still active from the weekly restimulation with HIV-1 pulsed DC as the culture with mock DC did not have this production.
These workers observed a background CARS signal, which they attributed to the third-order non-linear susceptibility of silver (for example, due to local four-wave mixing).
We observed a background rate (8.7%) of IGRA-positivity amongst an unselected population typical of respiratory and general medical inpatients in a rural district hospital in U.K. All these "unexposed" patients, without known recent TB exposure, were white-Caucasians, a population in whom data on LTBI prevalence are lacking [ 2], but who comprise 92% of the U.K. population [ 6].
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In our experiment we observe a background of cooperative actions near 20%, but perhaps players are using a weaker version of GRIM in which the final defection is 'noisy' in the same percentage.
In a similar vein one might also have expected to observe a background rate of de novo preplay for the uncued arm during REST2.
Instead, we observed a high background staining of KLH-specific Abs on the HMW-MAA-positive or -negative cell lysate, as well as on the HMW-MAA catching mAb.
Interestingly, we observed a high background turnover of ATP by wild-type PfCDPK1, but not by the catalytically inactive mutant PfCDPK1 D191N, in the absence of MTIP (Fig. 1a).
As with HG003, we now observed a high background of non-transposase catalyzed ermR colonies in RN4220 attB+, consistent with a role for phage-mediated att-site specific integration in increasing background.
Additionally, for unknown reasons we observed a high background on oligoclonal free λ light chain PVDF membranes, which was not observed on PVDF membranes tested for free κ, nor on nitrocellulose membranes tested for free κ or free λ.
We observed a high background of hygromycin-resistant, sucrose-resistant, XylE-positive colonies after selection at 39°C on sucrose-containing media suggesting a high frequency of a single crossover or illegitimate recombination.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com