The characterization of e str and e rif is given by: Open image in new window, s 2 (e str k ) e s( Open image in new window ), average value, variance of the observed data and standard uncertainty of e str ; where str is the device index and k is the sampling interval.
Open image in new window, s 2 (e str k ) e s( Open image in new window ), average value, variance of the observed data and standard uncertainty of e str ; where str is the device index and k is the sampling interval.
Effect sizes (log OR) in ASD analyses for individual measures were 12% higher for data with imputation compared to observed data only although standard errors were 7% higher compared to those expected from the increased sample size.
AIC values were computed for each of the candidate models and the model with the lowest AIC value was selected as the best model of the observed data in the standard way [ 28].
Other measures of disparity compare observed data to an absolute standard (such as one of no disparity, as with the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient).
From the observed data the mean and standard deviation for each copy number can be estimated and used to calculate the probability of mis-assigning a sample to the appropriate integer class.
A cutoff of pfp ≤ 5% ensures that the observed data falls within two standard deviations of the mean, effectively translating to a p-value ≤ 0.05, expressing the probability that results at least as extreme as the above thresholds obtained in a sample were not due to chance.
In the standard VPC, the observed data as well as calculated statistics [median, 5th percentile (P5) and 95th percentile (P95)] of observed concentrations were compared graphically to the 95% confidence intervals for the median, P5 and P95 of simulated concentrations.
Moreover, most of the model predictions fell within one standard error of the observed data for both BW and FM.
One standard choice for an approximate distribution is the empirical distribution of the observed data.
In Table 1, we present the numbers of SNPs in the observed data surpassing various nominal thresholds for α within and external to genes, the mean and the standard deviations of the same from the permuted data, and the empirical P-values (two tailed) for the null distribution in the observed data set.
