No artifacts due to the passive shim setup were observed; adjustments were reproducible between sessions.
The skeletal muscle fiber-type transformation in the absence of fiber-type regeneration and observed adjustments from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism provide evidence for mitochondrial function as a new regulator of skeletal muscle fiber type and other metabolic capacities.
It is possible that there is residual confounding of our observed adjustment disorder and suicide associations due to underascertainment of comorbid psychiatric illness.
We observed different adjustments between the two disturbed groups in mallards and teals.
Although the association was statistically not significant after adjustment for age, statistically significant correlations were observed after adjustment for current smoking status, regular drinking habit, breakfast skipping and regular exercise (P = 0.028).
Further adjustment for biomarkers (Table 4) attenuated the association, with the strongest attenuation observed with adjustment for lipid biomarkers (HR per 6 months 0.85; 95% CI 0.66, 1.09) and adiponectin (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.64, 1.10).
The observed association between low birth weight and insulin resistance was only observed after adjustment for current waist circumference or weight, but this association was attenuated if adjusted for any measure of general adiposity (e.g., FMI or fat mass).
In contrast to observational studies, in which an effect of physical activity is often also observed after adjustment for differences in body mass index (BMI), we did not find an effect of exercise in the SHAPE study.
In parallel analyses without height adjustment (ESM Tables 6 and 7 for South Asians and black Africans, respectively), similar results were observed; birthweight adjustment had very little effect on ethnic differences in risk markers.
The heightened risk was observed after adjustment for other possible contributory factors, including genetic predisposition, which remains the most important influence.
