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The total sample size is n=72, because four observations were lost.
Close-up images were planned during Pioneer 10's encounter with Io, but those observations were lost because of the high-radiation environment.
Relatively few observations were lost.
A simulation study identified that seriously biased estimates of the odds ratios were obtained when observations were lost during the follow-up based on missing of random mechanisms [ 19].
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Consequently, a significant amount of observations are lost with the implementation of this method.
Because the EBB is a representative sample survey, but not a census, many observations are lost in the linking process.
Since many observations are lost after matching, the statistical power of the models on the basis of using individual data might be low.
It is further shown that in these circumstances it is sensible to guard against a choice of design that can become disconnected if a few observations are lost during the experimentation.
Its prime function is to guard against choosing a design that is likely to be altered to a disconnected eventual design if observations are lost during the course of the experiment.
If observations are lost from an experiment involving one or more forms of blocking, it can happen that the resultant design is treatment disconnected which has serious implications for the experiment.
A total of 7,696 observations are lost during the linking process for two reasons.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com