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The ICC of the 3 observations was calculated to describe the intra-observer reliability.
For each model ensemble member, the ratio of σ from the historical run to σ from the observations was calculated, restricted to the shared period of 1982 2005 and an ensemble mean of this ratio was calculated for each model.
If a grid cell contains more than one station, the mean of the station observations was calculated to represent the value of this grid cell.
To summarise behavioural sequences, the probability of a particular transition from one behaviour to another behaviour for either all solo or all paired observations was calculated as follows: the frequency that behaviour 1 was followed by behaviour 2 divided by the total frequency of behaviour 1.
Difficult measurements were discussed and a subset of 20 random cases were measured independently by 3 of the authors and the correlation between the observations was calculated.
Frequency of occurrence of checklist items and privacy conditions, expressed as a percentage of observations, was calculated by country and for the entire study population.
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Citizen observations were compared with the visual observations performed by trained expert observers, and mean correlations between citizen and expert observations were calculated using the bootstrapping method: 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.53 0.86]; 0.65, 95% CI [0.35 0.86]; and 0.56, 95% CI [0.29 0.76] for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013.
The appeals court said yesterday that those observations "were calculated to impugn the integrity of this court in the eyes of the public".
We conducted the proposed method with the aid of 29 normal observations; the MDs corresponding to all these observations were calculated.
The LCPS observations are calculated using the three modes of particles defined by Knollenberg and Hunten (1980) and are designated in all cases as diamonds.
To analyse the spatial distribution of the citizen and expert observations the numbers of observations were calculated for rectangles sized one degree (latitude) by two degrees (longitude) covering the whole dataset.
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