Error in estimating rate variation can significantly impact phylogeny and divergence date estimation; thus, the observation of rate variation in many datasets has led to the development of substitution models attempting to accommodate such rate variation [37], [38], [39], [40].
Biochemical and phenotypic methods for identification of mycobacteria include observation of rate of growth, colony morphology, pigmentation, and biochemical profiles.
Furthermore, the observation of rate variation has a strong local effect and becomes blurry over evolutionary time.
This suggests that the observation of rate variation is a strong local phenomenon and becomes blurry over evolutionary time.
The MEWS score was calculated from observations of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, urine output, conscious level and temperature recorded within 24 hours of admission to the HDU.
However, our observations of the rate of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in the steady-state trachea set the overall rate of all BC divisions to 0.09 per day.
We assumed that the relationship between the FDG rate constant K i and glucose [glc] followed the Michaelis-Menten (MM) form [14 19] and that observations of the rate constant were corrupted by noise.
This correlation is expressed in the Hubble law: velocity = H × distance, in which H denotes Hubble's constant, which must be determined from observations of the rate at which the galaxies are receding.
