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The design of the study was observational, including convenience sampling of these elderly smokers.
Finally, all studies were observational including our own except Pont et al (1996), which was a case control study.
First, the study aims to describe changes in depressive symptomatology during and after psychosomatic inpatient and day hospital treatment for depression and to identify subgroups with a good or less favourable symptom course (observational) including follow-up assessments.
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Patients and methods This retrospective study being monocentric and observational includes all the patients having undergone diagnostic abdominal ultrasonography in the case of acquired cholestasis in a surgical intensive care unit in the city of Besancon, France.
Patients and methods This is a prospective monocentric observational study including patients with severe infections.
Our search identified 12 articles from one RCT and 10 adjusted observational studies including 2784 patients.
Patients and methods: We conducted a prospective observational study including all patients who visited the SIS during the last 12 months.
Prospective observational study including all patients admitted to the ICU after liver transplantation over a 4-months study period.
This study was designed as retrospective and prospective observational studies including CAP patients admitted to the Respiratory ICU.
Possible designs are randomized controlled trials; nonrandomized controlled trials; and observational studies, including cohort, case control, and ecologic designs.
RCTs and observational studies, including retrospective analyses.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com