A wide variety of techniques to gather data have been used singly or in combinations, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, audit and using routinely collected data.
Phase II comprised intervention development, implementation and evaluation of tool feasibility and effects using staff survey, observation, audit of records and relative survey.
There is a need for more reliability assessments of direct observation audits of park characteristics.
- Baseline hand observation audits were compiled and repeated every 3 months.
- Evaluation and feedback -Assessed staffs perception of hand hygiene – thru focused groups and surveys, Hand hygiene focused observation audits were completed prior to initiating the project and post implementation, Completed environmental Infection control audits to supplement infection control processes overall.
Assessment methods involving simulated patients, video observation, audits of clinical records, critical incident analysis and multisource feedback are all suggested, but these approaches involve subjective judgements and lack adequate psychometric evaluation [ 2, 4- 7].
- Training / Education -Family, Patients, staff, visitors, and outside contractors were trained on the moments of hand hygiene and correct procedures for hand rubbing and hand washing, Trained staff to complete hand hygiene observation audits, Staff reviews utilization of gloves, All staff watched a hand hygiene video.
Focus groups, participant observations, audit documents and individual interviews were separately analysed.
To collect additional qualitative information on the natural environment and on other physical and social features, systematic observations (audits) are conducted by trained researchers in selected neighbourhoods in the four case cities using the same methods.
Nevertheless, it is an important first step in assessing the reliability of direct observation park audit items in different geographic contexts.
Many research-based microscale observation or audit tools for streetscapes (environment features in and along streets) have been developed in the past decade [ 5, 11], and more recently, virtual audit tools using online resources like Google Streetview have been tested (maps.google.com) [ 12, 13].
