Where P (t i ) and F(t i ) are the pseudo-range and carrier phase observables: respectively.
The multiplication-by-x operator: :: (B f) (x) = x f(x).\, These correspond to the momentum and position observables, respectively.
Values for ++* and L + * columns correspond to the ++ and L + thresholds and a shift of the mean η of the underlying variable which would provide mean of L + and ++ LS on the observable scale, respectively.
AMIGO_SModel and AMIGO_SObs solve the system dynamics and depict states and observables plots, respectively.
emPAI values were calculated as follows: emPAI = 10 PAI - 1 PAI = N o b s d N o b s b l where Nobsd and Nobsbl are the number of observed parent ions per protein and the number of observable peptides per protein, respectively.
The next two most abundant cell types present in dark-treated BMS35S::R+35::cellslls, corresponding to 16%and11%1% of all the cells, had a range of 10 20 or 20 30 visually observable vacuoles per cell, respectively (Table 2).
Hence, systems of physical equations, whose simulations, solutions, or observables are appealed to, respectively, by (A), (C), and (D), involve arbitrary real numbers.
By means of the error model 0.1· y+0.05·max y) calculating the standard deviation depending on measurements y of the observables cAMP and cGMP, respectively, we simulate the basal cyclic nucleotide levels by estimating PDE concentrations (Potters Wheeltoolbox).
In our case, the generation of micro-state and the variation of macro-state can be described by the observable process and unobservable process, respectively.
where the (per-pixel) parameters,, and represent the minimum, maximum, and largest interframe absolute difference observable in the background scene, respectively.
