Exact(3)
Items are differentiated by observable quality and sellers have private reserve prices for their items.
An additional one-quarter of the increase is attributable to increases in the observable quality of students, such as average SAT scores.
It also had the advantage of measuring an observable quality.
Similar(57)
First, he defines the real essence of physical objects as the internal constitution of the substance that is the cause of the observable qualities of the object.
Second, he defines the nominal essence as that collection of observable qualities that are included in the definition of the species or genus.
In this way, then, the substantial form of any object in the Scholastic theory plays two roles: it (a) tells us to what species the substance belongs; and (b) it causes the observable qualities and properties of the substance.
Real essences are the submicroscopic constitutions which cause the observable qualities of substances, and the nominal essences are the abstract ideas that constitute the definitions of species or genera.
In all of these passages, then, and in many similar ones, Locke at least appears to accept at least some components of the corpuscular hypothesis that material bodies are compounded from minute particles, and that certain observable qualities are reducible to the particles' primary qualities of size, shape, and motion.
Locke's concept of substance in general is also a 'something I know not what.' Thus, on Ayers' interpretation 'substance in general' means something like 'whatever it is that supports qualities' while the real essence means 'this particular atomic constitution that explains this set of observable qualities'.
That is, if every natural substance has some submicroscopic corpuscular constitution on which its observable qualities depend, then it seems to follow that unsorted individuals have a real essence (see Owen 1991 and Vienne 1993).[5] It is possible that Locke was not always clear and consistent in his use of the term 'real essence' and that these puzzles are impossible to resolve.
The chart below illustrates this division of labor: a) Determines Species/Genus Membership b) Causes/Explains Observable Qualities Scholastics Substantial Form Substantial Form Locke Nominal Essence Real Essence One of Locke's main purposes in making this distinction is to deploy them in his criticisms of the Scholastic account of (a), the species of natural substances.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com