Exact(1)
The method "unpacks" evolution into three observable, factual occurrences: replication (R, reproduction), variation (V, differences between parent and offspring and siblings), and selection (S, nonrandom differential survival of offspring).
Similar(59)
species definition (living and fossil), reproductive isolation, speciation Fig. 1 Schematic representation of evolution as described in class as the consequence of the independent, factual, observable processes of replication, variation, and selection.
When the processes are shown to be factual and observable, the fact of evolution becomes rationally undeniable.
In his view, scientific knowledge (about what already happened) is rationally justified, incomplete, temporary, falsifiable, critically reflected, created in discourse and related to the factual and in principle observable.
In the years immediately after World War II this account of factual meaning was applied (e.g., by Antony Flew) to theological statements, raising such questions as: What observable difference does it make whether it is true or false that "God loves us"?
Are religious claims factual?
4. Be factual.
Second, obesity is easily observable.
Only the latter is observable.
Change is observable time.
Some is factual.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com