Normative inquiries primarily concern the truth of religious claims, the acceptability of religious values, and other such normative aspects; descriptive inquiries, which are only indirectly involved with the normative elements of religion, are primarily concerned with the history, structure, and other observable elements of religion.
By using combinations of these observable elements, we can obtain three different sets of geopotential coefficients.
It is important to address the problem of how to optimally infer the relationship of system from the observable elements [2, 3].
Due to the focus on actors and well-defined and observable elements of power, the actor-centred power approach (ACP) could serve not only as a basis for research but also as a tool for quick assessment of power networks, delivering valuable preliminary information for designing forest policy in practice.
These data validate that the discrete and observable elements in PORTAAL make this tool reliable and easy to learn.
Our aim with PORTAAL was that the recording of these discrete and observable elements would make this tool reliable and easy to learn.
We performed an overall analysis of the data utilizing a conditional logit model by specifying a random utility model in which the utility function U ki, when respondent k chooses option i, is expressed by {U}_{ki}={V}_{ki}+{varepsilon}_{ki} where V ki specifies an observable discrete element among the utilities and ε ki specifies a non-observable stochastic element.
In recent years, the relationship of a system from the observable dynamics elements has raised many scholars' interests, especially in finance field.
The elements of cov(M) are observable and the elements of Ω e are determined by our distributional assumption on ε M.
So we can identify the unobservable elements Λ and Σ with the (L(L−1)/2) observable off-diagonal elements of cov(M).
Q is the state space of the observable stochastic process, whose element is referred to as symbol.
