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In our hypothesized model, trust in formal information, trust in informal information, perceived personal susceptibility, hand washing and social distancing behaviours were entered as latent (inferred) variables while other constructs were entered as observable (directly measured) variables because they were assessed with only one item.
Many of the questions used at IFS-1 were on drinking behaviours observable directly by a proxy.
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In order to analyze our experimental data in the context of the master equation Eqs.S4 and S5, we consider the zeroeth moments of the distributions f and g, which are the observables directly measured in single-molecule fluorescence experiments: the number-concentrations Q = ∑ j f (t, j ), P = ∑ j g (t, j ).
Another group of researchers used observable outcomes directly, such as real damage and exposure data, to derive the indices.
These observables were directly correlated with the relative fluidity of the lipid bilayer as inferred from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
This formulation could be considered a particularly phenomenological approach as it outlines a way for observables to directly parameterise movement equations.
More generally, it is worth noting the basic point that in the many experiments which seek to study time perception, the observer's percept is never directly observable.
Parametric sensitivities are not directly observable however, so we also present an experimentally observable phase portrait signature of hydrolysis pseudoequilibrium.
For example, the discussion of the so-called 'theory-laden' character of observation sentences casts doubts on such notions as "directly observable facts".
Codes and themes described mainly manifest (directly observable) but also latent content (issues underlying or implied by observable phenomena) [ 29, 31].
(Example: the individual observes a vehicle. The time needed is not directly observable and therefore it is rejected).
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com