While the ultrasonic data allowed a detailed characterization of the anisotropic damage evolution in this laminate, acoustic emission measurements and surface replica data identified the crack initiation stress in the 90° plies and correlated it to macroscopically observable deviations of the stress strain curve from linear elastic behavior.
To establish the level of difference associated with observable landscape change, we use a probit regression model, coding Google Earth images for properties across the range of observed deviations of difference.
Although the results do not provide significant support for increasing the size of amplifiable DNA (106/112 bp fragment, 1-tail paired t-test p = 0.16, 212/218 bp fragment no observable difference), a significant increase in the levels of PCR amplifiable nuDNA was observed (up to 2 Ct values, ≈4 times more template DNA, 1-tail paired t-test p<0.01, average/standard deviation −0.9/1.3 Ct values).
Panel C of Figure 2 shows that for all four observables, the deviation from the estimated to the true trajectory is significantly smaller in case of the comprehensive approach.
SLS and DLS are included in the Test for Substitution Patterns where altered movements (substitution patterns) were scored as observable, predefined deviations of postural orientation; for details see Subjects and Methods section.
TSP = Test for Substitution Patterns (comprising 5 test-movements; total score ranging from 0 "no substitution pattern" to 54 "very clearly present, subject performed very poorly" where altered movements (substitution patterns) were scored as observable, predefined deviations of postural orientation).
11 12 Previous observational studies have suggested that serious safety and quality issues may result from accumulation of small observable process deviations in higher risk procedures such as paediatric cardiac surgery.
Many mutants show marked phenotypic deviations from corresponding wild types, but mutations in most genes lead to more subtle changes in knock-out or antisense plants, with the lack of observable phenotypic deviations being the rule rather than the exception (see e.g. [ 28, 29]).
This observed leptokurtic further underlines the cause of high standard deviation observable in all the samples, as the values show that there is visible presence of very large pores in each subsample.
However, a constant difference of about 2 dB is observable for the standard deviation between slow motion, 5 km/h, and fast motion, 50 and 90 km/h.
