Catering to this audience, Mr. Fortuyn favored policies like obligatory language courses and national laws against Islamic fundamentalists who discriminated against women and gays.
His speech, though it included some obligatory language about the need for Americans to come together and tackle the challenges ahead, was primarily devoted to acknowledging and celebrating the rainbow coalition that saw him safely to reëlection, and to defending its liberal agenda.
This might be a problem if Hispanic politicians had separatist agendas, such as demanding obligatory Spanish-language teaching in schools.
Back in the 1980s, her parents stopped her non-obligatory Belarusian language classes at school, and a short university education in the language was not enough to start conversing.
An obligatory introductory program (language and social orientation) for family members applies once they have been granted admission to Norway, and participation conditions social benefits as well as settlement and citizenship rights, but there are no tests.
Grammatical gender is obligatory in the languages in which it occurs and has been claimed by Whorfians to have persistent and enduring non-linguistic effects on representations of objects (Boroditsky et al. 2003).
Whorf himself saw that it was only obligatory features of languages that established "mental patterns" or "habitual thought" (Whorf 1956: 139), since if it were optional then the speaker could optionally do it one way or do it the other way.
This could be argued to speak in favour of Germany's active integration policy: since 2005, new and unemployed migrants have had to take obligatory courses in German language, culture, law and history.
The integration potential of the incoming spouse is furthered in Norway and Denmark with obligatory, social benefit-conditioning language and labour-market training programs.
The initial processing of metaphors appears to be done by a mental module of the kind described by Fodor (1983): an obligatory, rapid, domain-specific (language) set of fixed neural architecture.
For example in one oft quoted passage Whorf writes: The statements about the obligatory nature of the terms of language have been taken to suggest that Whorf meant that language completely determined the scope of possible conceptualizations.
