As with hardware, automated formal verification (simply formal verification, hereafter) is concerned with discharging these proof obligations using an automated theorem prover.
Then Goldman Sachs came to the rescue, arranging a secret loan of 2.8 billion euros for Greece, disguised as an off-the-books "cross-currency swap --a complicated transwap --ain which Greece'swap --an-complicatedbtransactionrted into a domestic-currency obligation using a fictitious market exchange rate.
Wall Street finally took notice of the deteriorating situation in the summer when two hedge funds at Bear Stearns collapsed because they had invested heavily in debt obligations using borrowed money.
According to the Budget Division's Web site, the winner of the contract will be expected to track down consumers and notify them of their obligations, using three rounds or more of letters and phone calls.
"[UCLA] defended ourselves and our faculty member as was our right and obligation, using funds in a systemwide self-insurance program," says a university statement quoted in the article.
Faced with huge redemptions from investors seeking cash, money market funds reduced their purchases of commercial paper, which are the short-term debt obligations used by many corporations to generate cash for their day-to-day needs.
Customers are under no obligation to use a solicitor known to Persimmon.
This development was met with an odd mix of joy and outrage: while it was a long overdue victory for tolerance and diversity, some were concerned that the new emojis would be a useful tool for bigots, while others complained that people of colour would now be faced with the strange obligation to use a "matching" emoji every time they felt moved to give a thumbs-up.
If we are morally obligated to produce the best, and if any embryos we can produce are not likely to rank very high relative to those of others, wouldn't there also be an obligation to use a donated embryo (or a clone of the embryo that is the best) (Sparrow 2011a)?
Because it concerns what force/content pairs commit an agent to what others, illocutionary validity is an essentially deontic notion: It will be cashed out in terms either of obligation to use a content in a certain way conversationally, or liability to error or vindication depending upon how the world is.
