They are not distinctively the obligations of family members, and this being so, there may be no distinctively grandparental obligations at all, but only caring adult obligations discharged by grandparents.
Erisa places on those who manage, advise or administer a benefits plan a fiduciary obligation to discharge their duties "solely in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries".
Justice BLACKMUN, joined by Justice MARSHALL and Justice SCALIA, concluded that prospectivity, whether "selective" or "pure," breaches the Court's obligation to discharge its constitutional function in articulating new rules for decision, which must comport with its duty to decide only cases and controversies.
The rule "hinges on the doctrine that general principles of justice require that in the case of a common obligation, the discharge of it by one of the obligors without proportionate payment from the other, gives the latter an advantage to which he is not equitably entitled". George's Radio, Inc., v. Capital Transit Co., 1942, 75 U.S.App.D.C. 187, 189, 126 F.221221, 221.
The Von Stetina cases suggests a legal obligation to discharge patients with only a borderline possibility of benefiting from an ICU treatment so as to maintain good standards of care for those patients remaining.
If the check is honored, the debtor's obligation is discharged, but if it is not honored, a cause of action against the debtor accrues to the check recipient "upon demand following dishonor". Pp. 396-399.
Hospital doctors are placed in an "invidious position" often at odds with their ethical and legal obligations when discharging children back to immigration detention, the vice-president of the Australian Medical Association has said.
The court of appeal found in a case in 2004 that the returning officer's obligations are discharged by handing the ballots to Royal Mail or other carrier, and that he or she cannot be held liable for delays in the postal system.
By suggesting that an attorney's pro bono obligations are discharged even before he or she engages in legal practice for "real clients," the new requirement will no doubt be taken by many lawyers as support for the largely unspoken proposition that pro bono work, like the bar exam, is merely a rite of passage rather than a continuing commitment.
Yet, the donations to charities and their injunctions form a rather small part of the zakah obligations constantly discharged by Muslims in their societies through personal and informal channels.
In this case, the Supreme Court determined that striking workers remained employees throughout the duration of the strike, but that employers were under no obligation to later discharge workers hired to replace those striking employees.
